• Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems : dynamics, impacts and research priorities 

      Myers-Smith, Isla; Forbes, Bruce C.; Wilmking, Martin; Hallinger, Martin; Lantz, Trevor; Blok, Daan; Tape, Ken D; Ravolainen, Virve; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Sass-Klaassen, Ute; Levesque, Esther; Boudreau, Stephane; Ropars, Pascale; Hermanutz, Luise; Trant, Andrew; Collier, Laura Siegwart; Weijers, Niels Martin; Rozema, Jelte; Rayback, Shelly A; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Wipf, Sonja; Rixen, Christian; Menard, Cecile B; Venn, Susanna; Goetz, Scott; Andreu-Hayles, Laia; Elmendorf, Sarah; Welker, Jeffrey; Grogan, Paul; Epstein, Howard E.; Hik, David S. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ...